Conventional Mortgage Loan

Welcome to the Condo Corner!

Are you looking to buy a Condo? If so you’re at the right place!

Buying a Condo in Layman’s Terms: A Condo is a unit in a shared building. These have 2 typical areas. Your living area (Your home) and the common areas (Hallways/Lobby). You are responsible for your living area, and the HOA handles everything in the common areas.

Welcome to your 1 stop shop for everything you need to know about buying a Condo! When it comes to buying, there are different rules about financing and dealing with the HOA (Home Owners Association). Added costs and minimum standards for the HOA.

Why working with Mark @ Geneva Financial makes a difference.

Experience, knowledge and a devoted Condo team to start! Going above and beyond is how I look at every deal. We not only know Condo purchases forward and back, but we have a devoted Condo team to handle the details to make sure nothing is overlooked! Their 9-5 job is to focus on your condo purchase getting done and nothing being overlooked. We do not just send off a questionnaire and hope for the best. We get more done in less time. If there are any issues, the condo team lets me know immediately so we can discuss it. Not only that, they are here to help find solutions if possible from a team that knows how to make this work. So as a buyer you can sit back knowing we have every angle covered. Closing a straight forward condo purchase is easy, but if something does come up, you want the best on your buying team so we can get you to the closing table.

What is a Condo?

Let’s start with the basics. Short for condominium, a condo is a single unit within a multiple-unit property. It can be one of many units in a shared structure, like a high-rise building, or it can be in a much smaller building with just two or three units.

Buying a condo is typically cheaper than buying a single-family home, which makes it an appealing option for first-time buyers and helps you start building home equity sooner. There are many similarities between renting an apartment and owning a condo. Many apartment buildings have been converted into individual condo’s, and vice versa. So the lifestyle is familiar with many renters.

With a condo, you may have some utilities included in the HOA dues, so costs can be lower. Check with your HOA to see whats included with your HOA Dues.

There is a trick though that you have to be aware of. The HOA may say that Gas is included with the HOA dues, so in your head you’re thinking cooking and heat is now unlimited. But from my experience, many HOA’s that offer this only allow electric heaters, and electric stoves inside the units. It almost makes the gas being included a gimmick since your electric bill is covering everything now and will be much higher than normal. The bylaws will tell you if gas appliances are even allowed in unit. At that point the included gas may only be there since the HOA pays the gas bill for the laundry (gas dryer) and hot water heater for example. There are a lot of variables with this, so if something says included, double check the unit to make sure it actually applies towards your bills. The last thing you want to do is assume, and find out you didn’t save on any cost.

Going from renting an apartment to buying a condo can be much less dramatic than going from an apartment to a single-family home. With a condo, you typically have a lower cost of entry and lower maintenance costs since the HOA repairs a majority of the building. You’re also typically located in a fairly dense urban setting with easy access to more amenities and mass transportation.

Anyone who’s thinking about buying a home should understand what the purchase includes. With a condo, no matter how big the building or property is, you own your individual unit. You also enjoy access to common areas and shared amenities, which might include parks, pools, playgrounds, fitness centers and other public spaces. (There is typically a monthly fee that covers the maintenance of these areas; more on that later.) Condo owners also pay for their own property taxes and utilities.

Shared areas of condos are usually managed by a condo association, which is a type of homeowners association. It typically acts as a supervisory board and hires a property management company to handle maintenance, communication with residents and other duties. Some may impose additional fees to cover shared expenses, such as unexpected building repairs or new amenities

Why buying a Condo is cheaper than a House?

One of the key points of differentiation between a condo and a house is price: Condos are typically cheaper. The median price for an existing condo or co-op was $371,100 as of June 2024, according to data from the National Association of Realtors — a sizable savings versus $432,700 for a typical single-family home.

However, the saying “you get what you pay for” rings true here. When buying a condo, you’re purchasing only the interior space of your dwelling unit. The land and other facilities are owned in common with the other owners of the complex. Condos also generally come with less space: You may not have your own backyard, for example, and the overall square footage tends to be smaller than a single-family home.

In addition, while house owners are relatively free to make changes to suit their personal needs and tastes, condo owners may face challenges getting permission to remodel to their liking. If the owner of a single-family home needs to replace the windows, you choose what style, color and size to buy. With a condo, the Association will have a say.

It’s important to take the cost of the condo association’s monthly fees into consideration when you budget for your home purchase as well. These fees might not be set in stone. Just like property taxes, there is some risk associated with HOA fees increasing over time or with large, one-time special assessments.

 

The Great Equalizer – The Condo Questionnare.

What is a Condo Questionnaire?

When you purchase a condo, your lender will require the property’s homeowners association (HOA) to fill out a questionnaire disclosing particulars about the property and the development in which it resides. The questions concern basic information about the development, insurance coverage, rules around reselling, and more.

Since the HOA makes property decisions that can affect a lender’s willingness to finance the sale, the questionnaire responses are typically part of the mortgage approval process.

What’s the Purpose of a Condo Questionnaire?

The condominium questionnaire may seem like yet another annoying document in a huge pile of documents you must submit to purchase a place to live. You’ll also have to pay a nonrefundable condo questionnaire fee in addition to all the costs associated with a mortgage approval.

But the questionnaire exists for a reason.

Lenders are by nature risk averse, and condominiums are risky by nature. Because the condo buyer will not be the only person making decisions about the property, the judgment of the homeowners association and status of the entire condominium development must also be taken into consideration.

For instance, one of the questions on the condo questionnaire, also called a condo certification, asks whether the HOA is involved with any pending litigation. A lender can be justifiably wary to provide financing for an individual unit that is attached to that type of scenario.

In sum, pending litigation can create concerns for the lender, and it can be years for such cases to be resolved. A condo questionnaire promotes transparency.

Who Completes the Condominium Questionnaire?

There is not a uniform condominium project questionnaire across the industry. However, regardless of the exact order or format of the questions, there are likely to be common elements.

Lenders will want to know about construction issues, HOA insurance, the percentage of units that are behind on association dues, and sales rights, as well as basic information like the development name and square footage.

The buyer may not complete the questionnaire form. A representative of the condo association must fill it out, which can add another stressful factor to the closing and mortgage approval process. If the HOA or management company does not fill the form out in a timely manner, the financing for the purchase may be at risk and cause the sale to fall apart.

A conventional condo questionnaire asks questions about the condo, the association, and the borrower. Lenders use the questionnaire to assess risk and ensure the condo is financially stable and meets certain requirements.

 

What kind of questions are on this Condominium Questionnaire?

Here are some of the questions asked. The full form is much more in depth. If you would like to see the entire thing, here are links directly to a Conventional & FHA Condo Questionnaire. 

Freddie Mac Condo Questionnaire. (PDF)

FHA Condo Questionnaire. (PDF)

Questions about the condo
  • Project information: The legal name of the project, the physical address, and the HOA name.
  • Insurance: The type of insurance, the carrier, the policy number, and the flood zone status
  • Construction: Whether there are any construction issues or environmental toxins
  • Project status: Whether the project is complete, how many units have been sold, and if there are any restrictions on resale
Questions about the association
  • Finances: The financial health of the association, the HOA’s budget, and whether there are any special assessments
  • Litigation: Whether the association is involved in any lawsuits or pre-litigation
  • Management: The length of the management contract, and whether the association has separate accounts for operating and reserve funds



 

Why would somebody buy a Condo over a Single family Home?

Pros

  • Lower price: Condos usually have much lower entry price points than freestanding homes, and property taxes tend to be lower, too.
  • Less maintenance: Condos require less attention than single-family homes, with less responsibility for upkeep since the HOA handles a lot of the work.
  • Socializing opportunities: Some condo associations organize social events for residents, like barbecues and holiday parties, which can be great if you’re new to town and don’t know many people yet.
  • Amenities: Many communities offer access to top-notch amenities like a grilling area, fitness center, pool, dog park, clubhouse and more.

    Cons

    • Rules and restrictions: Condo rules can be restrictive, regulating everything from how many pets you can have to what items can be stored on your patio.
    • Fees: In addition to your monthly mortgage payment, there will likely be a monthly fee to cover amenities, maintenance, insurance and reserves, which tend to increase over time. (HOA Dues)
    • Investment risk: If a fellow condo owner goes into foreclosure and their unit changes hands at a steep discount, for example, that will affect everyone’s property values directly.
    • Less privacy: You may be sharing walls, ceilings and floors with adjoining owners, so noise can become an issue.
    What are some Questions to ask?

    Here’s a list of questions that have come up by other condo owners or people interested in buying a condo. You don’t have to ask all of these, but there might be some questions in here you didn’t think to ask.

    • How well is the HOA run? Ask to see the financials.
    • How well-constructed is the building? Are the walls and/or floors paper thin so you hear everything your neighbors do
    • Can it be rented? If so, is there a restriction on the rental length? Do renters need to be approved by the condo. Are there any fees associated with it?
    • How many other rentals and/or Airbnbs are in the complex?
    • What floor would you want to live in?
      • First floor units are nice to walkout, but there is a security issue.
      • Middle floors, the floor and ceiling construction comes to mind about noise. The owner above you might walk like a herd of Elephants.
      • Top Floor is nice because there is no noise above you, but if there is no elevator. Are you ok handling stairs everyday?
    • What is the parking situation is? How many spaces come with the unit, are they reserved,
      • Are they deeded to the unit? (if deeded, it’s your property.
      • If it’s assigned (meaning you just have a reserved spot), it’s owned by the HOA which means it can be taken away from you).
      • Guest parking? How many are there, how far are they, what’s the policy for overnight guests?
    • Is there are any pending litigation by the HOA or against the HOA? (Pending litigations can mean difficulty getting loans approved, but also increases chances of HOA fees going up or special assessments being handed down)
    • What is the history of HOA dues increases? (Look in HOA docs to see if increases are capped, look to see if it’s gone up $100 every year or stayed steady, that can help you predict your future financial burden)
    • Inquire about the Management company. (are they onsite or is the property managed from 100 miles away?) I would not worry about online reviews, because almost every management company is low rated. The people who leave those reviews are usually the same people who recieved a fine from their HOA/Management Co.
    • Learn about common facilities (pool, gym, etc) walk through the entire property to see if it’s well maintained. Don’t feel strange about asking this, you are about to call this community home. If the pool is not maintained, it may not be worth the HOA cost associated with it.
    • Learn about pet restrictions! For those of you who are animal lovers. This should be number 1! Also ask if new animals are allowed. Sometimes if your furry friend passes away, they may not let you have another. This is even more important if you have multiple pets. Do not assume you can just sneak them in. If anybody see’s this, the HOA can fine you and demand you get rid of them.
    • Ask about airbnb/short term rentals restrictions. If the building if full of Air bnb units, you may not want to see strangers all the time in your building. This can also be a security issue for most buildings.
    • Long term if you’re planning on getting married and having children, maybe you should buy a 2 or 3 br condo rather than a studio.
    • What is included w HOA fees (are utilities separate, parking, pet fees included or separate?)
    • Utilities, are they individually metered or shared?
    • Are there any major upcoming projects and compare that with financials/reserves. If they say yes and there is nothing in the fianancials about it. A special assessment might be on the horizon.
    • How many owners are delinquent on their HOA dues? 
    • How much and when were special assessments issued? What was the special assessment money used for.
    • What is and isn’t restricted at the condo.  Are there transfer fees due when the property sells?
    • Does thee HOA have first right of refusal if you want to sell?

    Costs & Financing

    When buying a condo, here is a small list of costs generally associated with it. Most of these costs are the same with a Condo or Single Family Home. The costs listed here are only estimated values and do not reflect direct pricing. Financing on a Condo is also different than a Single Family Home.

    Up Front Costs

    1. Appraisal ($400 – $750)
    2. Inspection ($200 – $1500)
    3. Earnest Money (Based on the seller requirements)
    4. HOA may charge for the Condo Questionnaire (Required). ($50 – $400)
    5. HOA may charge for a copy of the condo Declarations and Bylaws aka The Rules of the Building.(Not required, but HIGHLY RECOMMENDED) ($25 – $500)
    6. HOA may try to sell you on the idea of a “Rush Fee” for the Condo Questionnaire. (This is a shady tactic by the HOA to get extra money out of you). They will delay answering the Questionnaire just to email you with this “option”. This is NOT required. ($100 – $300)

    Financing a Condo

    Types of Loans you can get for a condo purchase and why you would consider either. The best idea is to talk to somebody like myself and we can go over the best options for you based on your situation. Just because a loan type makes sense on paper. Doesn’t mean its the best for your goals.

    FHA

    Conventional

    FHA Spot Approval Process

    YOU CANNOT BUY A CONDO FHA UNLESS ITS APPROVED!
    Click above if you want to know what an FHA Spot approval is and what is being looked at. If the entire building is not FHA approved, then you may get a single unit FHA approved.

    FHA SPOT APPROVAL DETAILS

    Conventional Condo Loan

    Click above for details about conventional loans. When it comes to condo loans, majority of them are conventional loans backed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. Generally 3%-5% down payment is required.

    CONVENTIONAL LOAN DETAILS

    Conventional Condo loans are the same as any single family loan. The minor differences are:

    • Interest rates tend to be higher
    • There is a condo questionnare
    • Down Payment is 3-5% minimum.

    Conventional is a nice option for a Condo, with that there is no “Conventional approved buildings” like FHA has, there is no “Spot” approvals either. Any condo building can be financed by conventional as long as they meet the questionnare minimums.

    Condo mortgage vs. other mortgage types

    There are a few key differences between a condo mortgage and other mortgage types, including:

    • Higher interest rates. You should know that loans for condos usually come with slightly higher interest rates. That’s because restrictions or assessments imposed by the property’s homeowners association (HOA) or condo association are out of the borrower’s control, which creates a layer of risk for lenders.
    • Additional documentation. Your lender must obtain additional documents from either the condo association, HOA or management company, as well. These can include a questionnaire form about the condo project, as well as the number of owner-occupied versus tenant-occupied units and how many are owned by one entity. A copy of the condo association’s master insurance policy may also be required. Essentially, the lender needs to approve both the individual buyer and the condo project for financing.
    • Vetting of the condo project. The condo project itself must be vetted and meet lender standards. Essentially the lender has to ensure the unit itself is ok to finance, as well as the HOA.
    • Insurance requirements: The condo must meet insurance coverage standards and not be a party to litigation that could result in financial loss to the condo association.

    Why Would a Lender Reject Condo Financing?

    Even if a lender is less strict about following Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines, there are many factors that could still complicate approval or prevent you from receiving it entirely.

    You may need to find a different financing solution if the condominium community you’re considering has any of the following red flags:

    • The HOA owns or operates businesses, such as a daycare or spa.
    • More than 20% of the project development is used for commercial purposes or other nonresidential purposes.
    • The condo is currently facing litigation.
    • A total of 15% or more of the units are delinquent in their association dues for at least 30 days.
    • A single entity, such as a corporation or an individual investor, owns more than 10% of the units in the development.
    • The development restricts the unit owner’s ability to sell.
    • More than half of the total units are not owner-occupied or owned by investors who are renting out their units.
    • Less than 10% of the budget is allocated toward reserve accounts for property maintenance.
    • The building or property has structural integrity issues.

    Closing the Deal

    At the end of the day, there are things within your control and some that aren’t. If the HOA does not pass the vetting process there is nothing you can do. Unfortunately that building cannot be financed. FHA and Conventional both have different requirements from the HOA. This is where who you chose to finance it can make a difference.

    The Bottom Line

    Buyers should do their research in advance to lower the odds of problems down the line. The FHA has a searchable database of FHA-approved developments that are less likely to face problems with the condo questionnaire.

     

    The Puzzle Pieces of Buying

    HOA  (Home Owners Association)

    Consider the HOA’s rules, such as whether you can have guests stay over or bring your dog. You should also consider how much you can afford to spend on HOA fees. Personal recommendation, don’t be afraid to ask others in the building how the HOA is. They can make your life easy or a nightmare if you get bad board members.

    Financing

    Your lender will likely review the condo’s building operations and board documents. You must go Conventional, unless you can get FHA approval.

    Realtor

    Find a realtor who knows the condo landscape. A high rise condo market (think downtown) is very different than the standard suburban market.

    Resale

    Condos can be difficult to resell because of the limited pool of buyers and the costs associated with condo living. First right of refusal is sometimes an HOA right. So read the bylaws before purchasing.

    Insurance

    Condo insurance covers your unit, while the common areas are covered by a master policy that you help pay for through homeowners association (HOA) fees. 

    Property management

    Poor PM can be a red flag. The PM company is hired by the HOA. Property management is who pays the bills, orders repairs etc. Think of them as the building accountant.

    Privacy

    You’ll share common spaces with other residents, so you’ll see your neighbors frequently. If you want privacy, a condo may not be the best idea.

    Special assessments

    The condo association can impose special assessments at any time to cover important expenses. A poorly ran building will see these more often.

    Inspection

    A professional inspector can provide an unbiased assessment of the condo’s physical structure.

     

    Other things to consider include: 
    • The type of community you’re looking for
    • Whether there’s parking
    • The neighborhood
    • The amenities you want
    • Association fees, regulations, and financial reserves

    Loan Options

    - FHA Loan
    - Conventional Loan
    - FHA Condo
    - DPA Assistance
    - VA Loan
    - USDA Loan
    - Physician Loan
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