Welcome to the Condo Corner!
The Great Equalizer – The Condo Questionnare.
What is a Condo Questionnaire?
When you purchase a condo, your lender will require the property’s homeowners association (HOA) to fill out a questionnaire disclosing particulars about the property and the development in which it resides. The questions concern basic information about the development, insurance coverage, rules around reselling, and more.
Since the HOA makes property decisions that can affect a lender’s willingness to finance the sale, the questionnaire responses are typically part of the mortgage approval process.
What’s the Purpose of a Condo Questionnaire?
The condominium questionnaire may seem like yet another annoying document in a huge pile of documents you must submit to purchase a place to live. You’ll also have to pay a nonrefundable condo questionnaire fee in addition to all the costs associated with a mortgage approval.
But the questionnaire exists for a reason.
Lenders are by nature risk averse, and condominiums are risky by nature. Because the condo buyer will not be the only person making decisions about the property, the judgment of the homeowners association and status of the entire condominium development must also be taken into consideration.
For instance, one of the questions on the condo questionnaire, also called a condo certification, asks whether the HOA is involved with any pending litigation. A lender can be justifiably wary to provide financing for an individual unit that is attached to that type of scenario.
In sum, pending litigation can create concerns for the lender, and it can be years for such cases to be resolved. A condo questionnaire promotes transparency.
Who Completes the Condominium Questionnaire?
There is not a uniform condominium project questionnaire across the industry. However, regardless of the exact order or format of the questions, there are likely to be common elements.
Lenders will want to know about construction issues, HOA insurance, the percentage of units that are behind on association dues, and sales rights, as well as basic information like the development name and square footage.
The buyer may not complete the questionnaire form. A representative of the condo association must fill it out, which can add another stressful factor to the closing and mortgage approval process. If the HOA or management company does not fill the form out in a timely manner, the financing for the purchase may be at risk and cause the sale to fall apart.
What kind of questions are on this Condominium Questionnaire?
Here are some of the questions asked. The full form is much more in depth. If you would like to see the entire thing, here are links directly to a Conventional & FHA Condo Questionnaire.
Freddie Mac Condo Questionnaire. (PDF)
FHA Condo Questionnaire. (PDF)
- Project information: The legal name of the project, the physical address, and the HOA name.
- Insurance: The type of insurance, the carrier, the policy number, and the flood zone status
- Construction: Whether there are any construction issues or environmental toxins
- Project status: Whether the project is complete, how many units have been sold, and if there are any restrictions on resale
- Finances: The financial health of the association, the HOA’s budget, and whether there are any special assessments
- Litigation: Whether the association is involved in any lawsuits or pre-litigation
- Management: The length of the management contract, and whether the association has separate accounts for operating and reserve funds
Why would somebody buy a Condo over a Single family Home?
Pros
- Lower price: Condos usually have much lower entry price points than freestanding homes, and property taxes tend to be lower, too.
- Less maintenance: Condos require less attention than single-family homes, with less responsibility for upkeep since the HOA handles a lot of the work.
- Socializing opportunities: Some condo associations organize social events for residents, like barbecues and holiday parties, which can be great if you’re new to town and don’t know many people yet.
- Amenities: Many communities offer access to top-notch amenities like a grilling area, fitness center, pool, dog park, clubhouse and more.
Cons
- Rules and restrictions: Condo rules can be restrictive, regulating everything from how many pets you can have to what items can be stored on your patio.
- Fees: In addition to your monthly mortgage payment, there will likely be a monthly fee to cover amenities, maintenance, insurance and reserves, which tend to increase over time. (HOA Dues)
- Investment risk: If a fellow condo owner goes into foreclosure and their unit changes hands at a steep discount, for example, that will affect everyone’s property values directly.
- Less privacy: You may be sharing walls, ceilings and floors with adjoining owners, so noise can become an issue.
What are some Questions to ask?
Here’s a list of questions that have come up by other condo owners or people interested in buying a condo. You don’t have to ask all of these, but there might be some questions in here you didn’t think to ask.
- How well is the HOA run? Ask to see the financials.
- How well-constructed is the building? Are the walls and/or floors paper thin so you hear everything your neighbors do
- Can it be rented? If so, is there a restriction on the rental length? Do renters need to be approved by the condo. Are there any fees associated with it?
- How many other rentals and/or Airbnbs are in the complex?
- What floor would you want to live in?
- First floor units are nice to walkout, but there is a security issue.
- Middle floors, the floor and ceiling construction comes to mind about noise. The owner above you might walk like a herd of Elephants.
- Top Floor is nice because there is no noise above you, but if there is no elevator. Are you ok handling stairs everyday?
- What is the parking situation is? How many spaces come with the unit, are they reserved,
- Are they deeded to the unit? (if deeded, it’s your property.
- If it’s assigned (meaning you just have a reserved spot), it’s owned by the HOA which means it can be taken away from you).
- Guest parking? How many are there, how far are they, what’s the policy for overnight guests?
- Is there are any pending litigation by the HOA or against the HOA? (Pending litigations can mean difficulty getting loans approved, but also increases chances of HOA fees going up or special assessments being handed down)
- What is the history of HOA dues increases? (Look in HOA docs to see if increases are capped, look to see if it’s gone up $100 every year or stayed steady, that can help you predict your future financial burden)
- Inquire about the Management company. (are they onsite or is the property managed from 100 miles away?) I would not worry about online reviews, because almost every management company is low rated. The people who leave those reviews are usually the same people who recieved a fine from their HOA/Management Co.
- Learn about common facilities (pool, gym, etc) walk through the entire property to see if it’s well maintained. Don’t feel strange about asking this, you are about to call this community home. If the pool is not maintained, it may not be worth the HOA cost associated with it.
- Learn about pet restrictions! For those of you who are animal lovers. This should be number 1! Also ask if new animals are allowed. Sometimes if your furry friend passes away, they may not let you have another. This is even more important if you have multiple pets. Do not assume you can just sneak them in. If anybody see’s this, the HOA can fine you and demand you get rid of them.
- Ask about airbnb/short term rentals restrictions. If the building if full of Air bnb units, you may not want to see strangers all the time in your building. This can also be a security issue for most buildings.
- Long term if you’re planning on getting married and having children, maybe you should buy a 2 or 3 br condo rather than a studio.
- What is included w HOA fees (are utilities separate, parking, pet fees included or separate?)
- Utilities, are they individually metered or shared?
- Are there any major upcoming projects and compare that with financials/reserves. If they say yes and there is nothing in the fianancials about it. A special assessment might be on the horizon.
- How many owners are delinquent on their HOA dues?
- How much and when were special assessments issued? What was the special assessment money used for.
- What is and isn’t restricted at the condo. Are there transfer fees due when the property sells?
- Does thee HOA have first right of refusal if you want to sell?
Costs & Financing
Financing a Condo
Types of Loans you can get for a condo purchase and why you would consider either. The best idea is to talk to somebody like myself and we can go over the best options for you based on your situation. Just because a loan type makes sense on paper. Doesn’t mean its the best for your goals.
FHA
Conventional
FHA Spot Approval Process
YOU CANNOT BUY A CONDO FHA UNLESS ITS APPROVED!
Click above if you want to know what an FHA Spot approval is and what is being looked at. If the entire building is not FHA approved, then you may get a single unit FHA approved.
There are 2 types of FHA approvals for any condo building.
— The Building is approved by FHA —
You can check this by clicking here and searching your building or the building you want to buy in.
— Your Unit can be SPOT Approved by FHA —
Conventional Condo Loan
Click above for details about conventional loans. When it comes to condo loans, majority of them are conventional loans backed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. Generally 3%-5% down payment is required.
Conventional Condo loans are the same as any single family loan. The minor differences are:
- Interest rates tend to be higher
- There is a condo questionnare
- Down Payment is 3-5% minimum.
Conventional is a nice option for a Condo, with that there is no “Conventional approved buildings” like FHA has, there is no “Spot” approvals either. Any condo building can be financed by conventional as long as they meet the questionnare minimums.
Condo mortgage vs. other mortgage types
There are a few key differences between a condo mortgage and other mortgage types, including:
- Higher interest rates. You should know that loans for condos usually come with slightly higher interest rates. That’s because restrictions or assessments imposed by the property’s homeowners association (HOA) or condo association are out of the borrower’s control, which creates a layer of risk for lenders.
- Additional documentation. Your lender must obtain additional documents from either the condo association, HOA or management company, as well. These can include a questionnaire form about the condo project, as well as the number of owner-occupied versus tenant-occupied units and how many are owned by one entity. A copy of the condo association’s master insurance policy may also be required. Essentially, the lender needs to approve both the individual buyer and the condo project for financing.
- Vetting of the condo project. The condo project itself must be vetted and meet lender standards. Essentially the lender has to ensure the unit itself is ok to finance, as well as the HOA.
- Insurance requirements: The condo must meet insurance coverage standards and not be a party to litigation that could result in financial loss to the condo association.
Why Would a Lender Reject Condo Financing?
Even if a lender is less strict about following Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines, there are many factors that could still complicate approval or prevent you from receiving it entirely.
You may need to find a different financing solution if the condominium community you’re considering has any of the following red flags:
- The HOA owns or operates businesses, such as a daycare or spa.
- More than 20% of the project development is used for commercial purposes or other nonresidential purposes.
- The condo is currently facing litigation.
- A total of 15% or more of the units are delinquent in their association dues for at least 30 days.
- A single entity, such as a corporation or an individual investor, owns more than 10% of the units in the development.
- The development restricts the unit owner’s ability to sell.
- More than half of the total units are not owner-occupied or owned by investors who are renting out their units.
- Less than 10% of the budget is allocated toward reserve accounts for property maintenance.
- The building or property has structural integrity issues.
Closing the Deal
At the end of the day, there are things within your control and some that aren’t. If the HOA does not pass the vetting process there is nothing you can do. Unfortunately that building cannot be financed. FHA and Conventional both have different requirements from the HOA. This is where who you chose to finance it can make a difference.
The Bottom Line
Buyers should do their research in advance to lower the odds of problems down the line. The FHA has a searchable database of FHA-approved developments that are less likely to face problems with the condo questionnaire.
The Puzzle Pieces of Buying
Consider the HOA’s rules, such as whether you can have guests stay over or bring your dog. You should also consider how much you can afford to spend on HOA fees. Personal recommendation, don’t be afraid to ask others in the building how the HOA is. They can make your life easy or a nightmare if you get bad board members.
Your lender will likely review the condo’s building operations and board documents. You must go Conventional, unless you can get FHA approval.
Find a realtor who knows the condo landscape. A high rise condo market (think downtown) is very different than the standard suburban market.
Condos can be difficult to resell because of the limited pool of buyers and the costs associated with condo living. First right of refusal is sometimes an HOA right. So read the bylaws before purchasing.
Condo insurance covers your unit, while the common areas are covered by a master policy that you help pay for through homeowners association (HOA) fees.
Poor PM can be a red flag. The PM company is hired by the HOA. Property management is who pays the bills, orders repairs etc. Think of them as the building accountant.
You’ll share common spaces with other residents, so you’ll see your neighbors frequently. If you want privacy, a condo may not be the best idea.
The condo association can impose special assessments at any time to cover important expenses. A poorly ran building will see these more often.
A professional inspector can provide an unbiased assessment of the condo’s physical structure.
- The type of community you’re looking for
- Whether there’s parking
- The neighborhood
- The amenities you want
- Association fees, regulations, and financial reserves
Loan Options
Resources